Isquemia aguda del canal anal / Acute Ischemia of the Anal Canal

Introducción: La isquemia anal aguda con gangrena es una entidad infrecuente, con escasa literatura publicada al respecto, cuyas cifras de mortalidad descritas se sitúan en un 20 por ciento - 40 por ciento de los casos. Debe considerarse en ancianos con enfermedad aterosclerótica que presenten síntomas gastrointestinales inferiores y shock hipotensivo. Puede ser causada por oclusión vascular aguda, enfermedad vascular grave o un estado de bajo flujo, aunque en algunos casos se presenta sin enfermedad vascular preexistente. Objetivo: Presentar la literatura existente acerca del manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico de la isquemia de canal anal en base a un caso clínico diagnosticado y tratado de urgencia en el hospital "Marina Baixa". Caso clínico: Se presenta un caso de isquemia espontánea de canal anal en paciente de 76 años de edad con morbilidad cardiovascular asociada. Debuta como cuadro séptico sin evidencia de causa desencadenante. Conclusiones: Las pruebas endoscópicas y radiológicas deben realizarse con urgencia y la valoración quirúrgica está siempre justificada en estos pacientes debido a la alta tasa de mortalidad descrita en el manejo conservador del cuadro. En casos graves, la reanimación preoperatoria y cirugía urgente para resecar el segmento gangrenoso es necesaria. Sin embargo, el tratamiento de la proctitis isquémica aguda es controvertido y depende, en parte, del estado basal del paciente y los hallazgos clínicos, siendo importante examinar otras posibles etiologías de proctitis isquémica y así determinar qué pacientes necesitan intervención quirúrgica temprana en comparación con una actitud más conservadora(AU)

Introduction: Acute ischemic gangrene of the anus is an infrequent entity, with little published literature, whose reported mortality figures are 20-40 percent of cases. It should be considered in elderlies with atherosclerotic disease who present lower gastrointestinal symptoms and hypotensive shock. It can be caused by acute vascular occlusion, severe vascular disease, or a low-flow state, although in some cases it presents without pre-existing vascular disease. Objective: To present the existing literature on diagnostic and therapeutic management of ischemia of the anal canal upon the base of a clinical case diagnosed and treated as an urgency at Marina Baixa hospital. Clinical case: The case is presented of a 76-year-old patient with spontaneous ischemia of the anal canal and associated cardiovascular morbidity. It debuts as a septic condition without evidence of a triggering cause. Conclusions: Endoscopic and radiological tests should be performed urgently. Surgical assessment is always justified in these patients, due to the high mortality rate described in the conservative management of the condition. In severe cases, preoperative resuscitation and urgent surgery to resect the gangrenous segment is necessary. However, managment of acute ischemic proctitis is controversial and depends, in part, on the patient's baseline status and clinical findings, while it is important to examine other possible etiologies of ischemic proctitis and thus determine which patients need early surgical intervention compared to a more conservative attitude(AU)

Lesión de vía biliar en trauma cerrado: nuevas tendencias en lesiones infrecuentes / Biliar injury in closed trauma: new trends in unusual injury

Objetivo: Reportar un caso clínico de lesión de la vía biliar intrapancreática tras traumatismo abdominal cerrado. Caso clínico: Paciente que acude a urgencias por intenso dolor abdominal, tras sufrir traumatismo toraco-abdominal cerrado al caer de una bicicleta. Posteriormente a su ingreso desarrolló fiebre, ictericia y patrón analítico de colestasis. Se solicitó colangiorresonancia magnética donde no se pudo valorar correctamente la vía biliar, pero se evidenció abundante líquido intraabdominal que no correspondía a sangre. Se indicó cirugía urgente ante la sospecha de lesión biliar. Se objetivó lesión de la vía biliar intrapancreática mediante colangiografía intra-operatoria y se decidió colocación de prótesis intrabiliar mediante colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) intraoperatoria. Conclusión: La cirugía ha sido el tratamiento convencional para la lesión de la vía biliar, pero en la actualidad la CPRE con esfinterotomía y colocación de prótesis intrabiliar es un tratamiento adecuado y resolutivo de este tipo de lesiones pudiéndose considerar como tratamiento de primera línea.

Aim: To report a clinical case of biliar injury intrapancreatic in closed abdominal trauma. Clinical case: Patient who comes to the emergency room by severe abdominal pain after suffering thoraco-abdominal blunt trauma after falling from a bicycle. After his admission he developed fever, jaundice and analytical standards of cholestasis. Magnetic resonance which failed to correctly assess the bile duct was requested but showed plenty of intra-abdominal fluid blood that did not match. Emergency surgery for suspected biliary injury was reported. Intrapancreatic injury bile duct was observed by intraoperative cholangiography and prosthesis was decided intrabiliary by intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Conclusions: Surgery has been the standard treatment for bile duct injury, but now ERCP with sphincterotomy and placement of intrabiliary prosthesis is adequate and operative treatment of these injuries and can be considered as first-line treatment.

Síndrome de Cocoon: una rara causa de oclusión intestinal / Abdominal Cocoon: A rare cause of intestinal obstruction

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Laparoscopic appendectomy: quality care and cost-effectiveness for today's economy.

BACKGROUND: Open appendectomy (OA) has traditionally been the treatment for acute appendicitis (AA). Beneficial effects of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) for the treatment of AA are still controversial. AIM: To present our technique for LA and to determine whether LA should be the technique of choice of any case of AA instead of OA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All cases operated for AA (February 2011 through February 2012) by means of LA or OA were prospectively evaluated. Data regarding length of stay, complications, emergency department consultation after discharge or readmission were collected. Patients were classified into four groups depending on the severity of the appendicitis. Economic data were obtained based on the cost of the disposable material. Cost of hospital stay was calculated based on the Ley de Tasas of the Generalitat Valenciana according to the DRG and the length of stay. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-two cases were included. Ninety-nine patients underwent OA and 43 LA. Average length of stay for LA group was 2,6 days and 3,8 for OA. Average cost of the stay for OA was 1.799 euros and 1.081 euros for LA. Global morbidity rate was 16%, 5% for LA and 20% for OA. CONCLUSIONS: LA is nowadays the technique of choice for the treatment of AA.

Cirugía endoscópica totalmente extraperitoneal de la hernia inguinal: resultados de 250 hernioplastias / Totally extraperitoneal endoscopic surgery of inguinal hernia: results of 250 hernia repairs

Introducción: El abordaje endoscópico totalmente extraperitoneal en la cirugía de la hernia inguinal ha supuesto un cambio importante, permitiendo implantar mediante un acceso cómodo una malla en el espacio preperitoneal, además de aportar las ventajas de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva (menor dolor postoperatorio y más rápida recuperación). El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los resultados de la hernioplastia endoscópica TEP, fundamentalmente en la reparación de hernias bilaterales y recidivadas o multirrecidivadas. Material y métodos En los últimos 5 años se han realizado 250 hernioplastias endoscópicas TEP en 150 pacientes. Un 63% de los pacientes intervenidos presentaban hernias bilaterales y un 16%, recidivadas. Se excluyeron hernias inguinoescrotales de gran tamaño y complicadas. Se siguió un régimen de corta estancia, estableciendo un protocolo de analgesia, profilaxis antibiótica, antitrombótica y de recogida de datos postquirúrgicos como la demanda analgésica. Al alta, se entregó a los pacientes un cuestionario donde debían rellenar los campos referentes al dolor postquirúrgico y cumplimentar una encuesta de satisfacción adjunta. Resultados Destaca de esta serie la reducida necesidad de analgesia postoperatoria, haciéndose totalmente innecesaria a las 24h en 70 pacientes (46,6%), alcanzando los 121 (80,6%) al mes de la cirugía. Reconversiones: 6 casos (4%), siempre por abertura del saco peritoneal. Infección de herida: 0%; orquiepididimitis (leve): 2%; recidivas: 6 (2,4%). Neuralgia inguinal: 1 (0,4%). Alto grado de satisfacción (95%).Conclusiones La hernioplastia endoscópica TEP es una intervención muy eficaz y segura en manos de cirujanos expertos con un aprendizaje específico. En la hernia bilateral y recidivada supone una opción interesante de reparación ya que obtiene resultados satisfactorios en términos de dolor postoperatorio y morbilidad (AU)

Introduction: The totally extraperitoneal endoscopic approach in the surgery of the inguinal hernia has experienced an important change, enabling a mesh to be implanted in the pre-peritoneal space with a comfortable access, as well as contributing to the advantages of minimally invasive surgery (less post-operative pain and a faster recovery). The objective of this study is to analyse the results of TEP endoscopic hernioplasty, mainly in the repair of bilateral hernias and recurrences or multiple recurrences. Material and methods: A total of 250 TEP endoscopic hernioplasties have been performed on150 patients in the last 5 years. The majority (63%) of the patients subjected to surgery had bilateral hernias, and 16%, recurrent. Large and complicated iguinal-scrotal hernias were excluded. A short stay regimen was followed, establishing a protocol of, analgesia, antibiotic, antithrombotic prophylaxis, and collection of post-surgical data such as analgesia demand. The patients were given a questionnaire on discharge, in which they filled in the fields on post-surgical pain, as well as an attached satisfaction questionnaire. Results: The reduced need for post-surgical analgesia was noteworthy in this series, being totally unnecessary at 24 h in 70 patients (46.6%), reaching 121 (80.6%) one month after surgery. There were 6 cases (4%) of reconversion, always due to opening of the peritoneal sac. There were no wound infections, 2% mild orchiepididymitis, 6 (2.4%) recurrence, and one (0.4%) inguinal neuralgia. There was a high level of satisfaction (95%).Conclusions: TEP endoscopic hernioplasty is a very effective and safe procedure in the hands of experienced surgeons with specific training. It is an interesting option in bliateral and recurrent hernia as it obtains satisfactory results in terms of postoperative pain and morbidity (AU)

[Totally extraperitoneal endoscopic surgery of inguinal hernia: results of 250 hernia repairs]. / Cirugía endoscópica totalmente extraperitoneal de la hernia inguinal: resultados de 250 hernioplastias.

INTRODUCTION: The totally extraperitoneal endoscopic approach in the surgery of the inguinal hernia has experienced an important change, enabling a mesh to be implanted in the pre-peritoneal space with a comfortable access, as well as contributing to the advantages of minimally invasive surgery (less post-operative pain and a faster recovery). The objective of this study is to analyse the results of TEP endoscopic hernioplasty, mainly in the repair of bilateral hernias and recurrences or multiple recurrences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 250 TEP endoscopic hernioplasties have been performed on 150 patients in the las 5 years. The majority (63%) of the patients subjected to surgery had bilateral hernias, and 16%, recurrent. Large and complicated iguinal-scrotal hernias were excluded. A short stay regimen was followed, establishing a protocol of, analgesia, antibiotic, antithrombotic prophylaxis, and collection of post-surgical data such as analgesia demand. The patients were given a questionnaire on discharge, in which they filled in the fields on post-surgical pain, as well as an attached satisfaction questionnaire. RESULTS: The reduced need for post-surgical analgesia was noteworthy in this series, being totally unnecessary at 24h in 70 patients (46.6%), reaching 121 (80.6%) one month after surgery. There were 6 cases (4%) of reconversion, always due to opening of the peritoneal sac. There were no wound infections, 2% mild orchiepididymitis, 6 (2.4%) recurrence, and one (0.4%) inguinal neuralgia. There was a high level of satisfaction (95%). CONCLUSIONS: TEP endoscopic hernioplasty is a very effective and safe procedure in the hands of experienced surgeons with specific training. It is an interesting option in bliateral and recurrent hernia as it obtains satisfactory results in terms of postoperative pain and morbidity.